INDEFINITE PAST

AN ACTION THAT HAPPENED OR TOOK PLACE BEFORE CURRENT TIME

• जो क्रिया  इस   समय  से  पहले  हुई  है !
• IN THE END OF THE PAST INDEFINITE TENSE WE HAVE (आ , ई , ए )
• e.g  नंदन २०१४ में अपने परिवार के साथ भारत आया 
• हम फिल्म देखने गए 
• रीता  समय  पर नहीं आई 

FORMULA FOR ACTIVE SENTENCES : S+ IIV+O

       SUBJECT+ 2ND FORM OF VERB+ OBJECT

• NANDAN CAME TO INDIA IN 2014 WITH HIS FAMILY.
• WE WENT TO SEE A MOVIE.

NEGATIVE : S+ DID+ NOT +IV+O( 1ST FORM WITH DID)
          WE DID NOT GO TO SEE A MOVIE

INTERROGATIVES: DID+S +IV+O?
                                DID WE GO TO SEE A MOVIE?

COMPOUND SENTENCES

IN COMPOUND SENTENCES ALL THE CLAUSES MUST BE IN ONE TENSE ONLY.

e.g  वह गरीब था लेकिन ईमानदार था ! HE WAS POOR BUT WAS HONEST

मैं स्टूडेंट हूँ  और  मेरे पिताजी डॉक्टर हैं ! I AM A STUDENT AND MY FATHER IS A DOCTOR..


IMPORTANT : BE ALWAYS SURE OF THE TENSE SEQUENCE. FOR COMMAND OVER ENGLISH.

TENSE SEQUENCE : COMPLEX

IF THERE IS PRESENT TENSE IN THE MAIN CLAUSE

---- YOU CAN USE PRESENT OR FUTURE IN SUBORDINATE CLAUSES.

e.g  वह जब भी आता है     LIGHT OFF कर देता है !
         SUB.ORD CL            MAIN CL

HE SWITCHESOFF LIGHT WHENEVER HE COMES.

• IF THERE IS PAST IN THE MAIN CLAUSE, THE SUBORDINATE CLAUSE MUST BE IN THE PAST TENSE.

COMPLEX SENTENCES

A COMPLEX SENTENCE HAS A MAIN CLAUSE+ ONE OR MORE SUBORDINATE CLAUSE

e.g  जब टीचर आता है / तो हाजरी ली जाती है 
      जब टीचर.....(SUBORDINATE CLAUSE BECAUSE IT IS  INCOMPLETE)
     तो हाजरी ली ...(MAIN CLAUSE BECAUSE IT HAS A MEANING )


SUBORDINATE  CLAUSES  START WITH- WHAT, WHY, WHEN, WHO, WHICH SO , BEACAUSE , AS , AS IF)


COMPOUND SENTENCES : A COMPOUND SENTENCES HAS BOTH MEANINGFUL CLAUSES. JOINED BY AND BUT  BEACAUSE  etc.

e.g  वह रात को आया और सुबह चला गया  (both are meaningful )

    he came at night and went away in the morning.

PRESENT INDEFINITE

IN PASIVE ACTION IS ON THE OBJECT
THE DOER OR THE SUBJECT IS UNDERSTOOD
HE MAY OR MAY NOT BE IN THE SENTENCE

QUESTION WORDS

W'S BEFORE DO/ DOES

WHERE, WHO, WHAT, WHY , WHEN, WHOSE, WHOM, WHICH

e.g  तुम सुबह कहाँ  जाते हो ?

WHERE DO YOU GO IN THE MORNING?

FORMULA : W'S+ DO+ DOES+ S+ IV + O?

2nd step

 BE SURE IF THE SENTENCE IS ACTIVE OR PASSIVE


AN ACTIVE SENTENCE IS TRANSLATED AS ACTIVE AND PASSIVE AS PASSIVE

PASSIVE: IN A PASSIVE SENETNCE, ACTION IS ON THE OBJECT.

IMPORTANT: NEVER TRY TO MAKE PASSIVE INTO ACTIVE OR ACTIVE INTO PASSIVE:
ACTIVE AND PASSIVE HAVE DIFFERENT FORMULA SO DON'T MIX THEM.


PRESENT INDEFINITE               FORMULA ACTIVE
         

                                   S+ I V + O


SUBJECT+ 1st  FORM OF VERB +  OBJECT

IF SUBJECT IS III PERSON SINGULAR ( ADD  s. es WITH VERB.

e.g  MY BROTHER            GO+ ES             TO SCHOOL
         III SINGULAR             IV+ES ( VOWELS AIEOU)

    BOYS            GO          TO         SCHOOL.
    (III PLURAL) NO  s, or es with verb.

BE SURE: NO S OR ES WITH -- I, WE, YOU ,THEY, PLURALS.